A novel, killed-virus nasal vaccinia virus vaccine.

African Horse-Sickness Live and Killed Virus Tissue Culture Vaccine

Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus Vaccination Provides Long-Term Protection against Nasal Rabbitpox Virus Challenge.

Modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) is a smallpox vaccine candidate. This study was performed to determine if MVA vaccination provides long-term protection against rabbitpox virus (RPXV) challenge, an animal model of smallpox. Two doses of MVA provided 100% protection against a lethal intranasal RPXV challenge administered 9 months after vaccination.

A Recombinant Vaccinia Virus-based T Cell Vaccine against Influenza Virus Reduces Lung Viral Load upon Virus Challenge

Currently, there are only two approved vaccines against influenza virus, one containing killed virus and the other containing live, attenuated virus. Each year, there is a reformation of the vaccine formulation, depending on which strains are thought to become most dangerous in the upcoming season. Numerous groups and pharmaceutical companies are developing universal vaccines that would not req...

The N-terminal domain of the vaccinia virus E3L-protein is required for neurovirulence, but not induction of a protective immune response.

Encephalitis is a rare, but serious complication from vaccination against smallpox using replication competent strains of vaccinia virus. In this report we describe mutants of vaccinia virus, containing N-terminal deletions of the vaccinia virus interferon resistance gene, E3L, that are attenuated for neuropathogenesis in a mouse model system. These recombinant viruses replicated to high titers...

Immunization against Vaccinia by Non-infective Mixtures of Virus and Immune Serum

1. Vaccine virus and specific immune serum mixed in such proportions as to produce no lesion when inoculated intradermally induce immunity when instilled into the nasal cavities of rabbits. 2. The mixture is also effective when inoculated subcutaneously. 3. Immunity is brought about with a minimum of systemic reaction and no local one. 4. When the mixtures are incompletely neutralized generaliz...